Fundamentals in C

• Program
• Programming
• Programming Languages
• Types of software
• Introduction to C
• History of C
• Features of C
• Applications of C
• Character set, ASCII Table
• Tokens
• Keywords
• Identifiers & Naming Rules
• constants
• Data Types
• Type Qualifiers
• How does the data stored in Computers Memory
• Variables
• Variable Declaration
• Variable Assignment
• Variable Initialization
• Comments
• Defining Constants
• MCQs

Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic operators
• Arithmetic expressions
• Evaluation of expressions
• Relational operators
• Logical operators
• Assignment operators
• Increment & decrement operators
• Conditional operator
• Bitwise operators
• Type casting
• Sizeof operator
• Comma operator
• Operators Precedence and Associativity
• Expressions
• Evaluation of Expressions
• MCQs

Control Statements

• Conditional Control Statements
  • if
  • if-else
  • nested if-else
  • if-else-if ladder
• Multiple Branching Control Structure
  • switch-case
• Loop Control statements
  • while
  • do-while
  • for
• Nested Loops
• Jump Control structures
• break
• continue
• goto
• return
• Programs
• MCQs

Arrays

• Arrays
• One dimensional arrays
• Declaration of 1D arrays
• Initialization of 1D arrays
• Accessing element of 1D arrays
• Reading and displaying elements
• Programs on 1D Arrays
• Two dimensional arrays
• Declaration of 2D arrays
• Initialization of 2D arrays
• Accessing element of 2D arrays
• Reading and displaying elements
• Programs on 2D Arrays
• Three dimensional arrays
• MCQs

Strings

• String Concept
• Introduction to String in C
• Storing Strings
• The string Delimiter
• String Literals (String Constants)
• Strings and Characters
• Declaring Strings
• Initializing Strings
• Strings and the Assignment Operator
• String Input Functions / Reading Strings
• String Output Functions / Writing Strings
• String Input-Output using fscanf() and fprintf() Functions
• Single Character Library Functions / Character Manipulation in the String
• String Manipulation Library Functions
• Programs Using Character Arrays
• Array of Strings (2D Character Arrays)
• Programs Using Array of Strings
• MCQs

Pointers

• Understanding Memory Addresses
• Pointer Operators
• Pointer
• Pointer Advantages and Disadvantages
• Declaration of Pointer Variables
• Initialization of Pointer Variables
• Dereferencing / Redirecting Pointer Variables
• Declaration versus Redirection
• Void Pointer
• Null Pointer
• Compatibility
• Array of Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions

Functions

• Functions
• Advantages of using functions
• Defining a function
• Calling a function
• Return statement
• Function Prototype
• Basic Function Designs
• Programs Using Functions
• Scope
• Recursion
• Iteration vs Recursion
• Nested functions
• Variable Length Number of Arguments
• Parameter Passing Techniques � Call by value & Call by Address
• Functions Returning Pointers
• Pointers and One-Dimensional Arrays
• Pointers and Two-Dimensional Arrays
• Passing 1D arrays to Functions
• Passing 2D arrays to Functions
• Pointers and Strings
• Passing Strings to Functions
• Pointer to Function
• MCQs

Preprocessor Directives

• The #include Preprocessor Directive & User defined header files
• The #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants
• The #define Preprocessor Directive: Macros
• Conditional Compilation Directives
• #if
• #else
• #elif
• #endif
• #ifdef
• #ifndef
• #undef
• #error
• #line
• #pragma
• MCQs

Structures, Unions, Enumerations and Typedef

• Structures
• Structure Type Declaration
• Structure Variable Declaration
• Initialization of Structure
• Accessing the members of a structure
• Programs Using Structures
• Operations on Structures (Copying and Comparing Structures)
• Nested structures (Complex Structures)
• Structures Containing Arrays (Complex Structures)
• Array of Structures (Complex Structures)
• Pointer to Structure
• Accessing structure member through pointer using dynamic memory allocation
• Pointers within Structures
• Self-referential structures
• Passing Structures to Functions
• Functions returning Structures
• Unions
• Differences between Structures & Unions
• Enumerated Types / enum keyword
• The Type Definition / typedef keyword
• Bit fields
• MCQs

Command Line Arguments

Files

• Concept of a file
• Streams
• Text File and Binary Files
• State of a File
• Opening and Closing Files
• File Input / Output Functions
• Formatted Input-Output Functions
• Character Input-Output Functions
• Line Input-Output Functions
• Block Input-Output Functions
• File Status Functions (Error Handling)
• Positioning Functions
• System File Operations
• MCQs